The activity of the solid Earth – for example, volcanoes in Java, earthquakes in Japan, etc – is well understood within the context of the ~50-year-old theory of plate tectonics. This theory posits ...

For millions of years, Earth’s shifting plates have shaped continents, formed oceans, and built towering mountain ranges. But ...

It is common knowledge that mountain ranges were created by tectonic forces, but how their height is maintained today is a matter of debate. A widely held view is that climate-controlled erosion ...