Climate models are systems of differential equations based on the basic laws of physics, fluid motion, and chemistry. Scientists divide the planet into a 3-dimensional grid and apply the basic equations to …

Jun 25, 2025 · Climate models, also known as general circulation models or GCMs, use mathematical equations to characterize how energy and matter interact in different parts of the ocean, atmosphere, …

Climate models ― also called General Circulation Models, Global Climate Models, or GCMs ― are more complex than a model of evaporation, but they follow the same general idea. These models use …

Climate models divide the globe into a three-dimensional grid of cells representing specific geographic locations and elevations. Each of the components (atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice) …

Mar 19, 2025 · Climate models are the main tool climate scientists use to predict how Earth will respond to more heat-trapping pollutants in the atmosphere. But what exactly is a climate model?

Sep 4, 2025 · Climate models simulate climate conditions based on how the composition of the atmosphere affects global average atmospheric temperature and, eventually, the physical impacts of …

Models use mathematical equations to describe the behavior of factors that impact climate. To study the climate as accurately as possible, a model must be a good representation of the whole Earth, known …

Mar 12, 2025 · We reflect on the current state of climate modeling and the future divergent paths that have been proposed for a step change that leverages different tools. We review the history of …

Jan 20, 2026 · Most climate models are designed to gauge the behaviour of a number of physical variables over space and time, and they often artificially divide Earth’s surface into a grid of many …

Generally, climate models include representations of physical (and more recently, biological) processes happening in the atmosphere, ocean, and land.