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  1. Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama

    Nov 17, 2020 · Polybius tells us that Massinissa arrived with 6,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry (15.5.11-14). As Goldsworthy notes, at least some of the infantry who arrived with Massinissa may have been …

  2. Gaius Laelius - History Forum

    Towards the end of his life (around 160 BC), Laelius met with the Greek historian Polybius, and was responsible for providing much of the background and information that Polybius used to compile and …

  3. Battle of Magnesia, Near Roman Disaster? - History Forum

    Jul 12, 2024 · Battle of Magnesia, Near Roman Disaster? I recently read an interesting article by historian Ilkka Syvänne on the Battle of Magnesia. Syvänne presents the battle as a "near disaster" …

  4. Revisiting Cannae: 7 reasons why the Romans could not have ...

    May 30, 2021 · For everyone's convenience, the sources on numbers Polybius and Livy both give a figure of 40 000 infantry and 10 000 cavalry for the Carthaginians For the Romans Polybius implies …

  5. Second Punic War: evaluate Carthage's chances to victory

    Apr 3, 2022 · Polybius points this out when giving his final thoughts on the First Punic War (1.63-64): 'It had lasted without a break for twenty-four years and is the longest, most unintermittent, and greatest …

  6. Persian empire infantry | History Forum

    Aug 25, 2025 · Superfluous to emphasize (but I will), the aspect of Persian history we are discussing - whether Achaemenid (550–330 BCE) or Sassanid (224–651 CE) - lacks the detailed, self-authored …

  7. Byzantium/Constantinople before Constantine I | History Forum

    Dec 22, 2011 · Polybius tells us that the way the currents favored the harbor was the chief reason that the site was chosen, driving schools of tunny fish away from Chalkedon, to Byzantion.

  8. Why the Roman legion was superior to the Macedonian phalanx

    Apr 7, 2018 · Polybius is the go-to man for this question. Not only did he live during an era where a Roman legion facing a Macedonian phalanx still fell under the category of "current events," he had …

  9. Plato: democracy -> mob rule // democracy -> tyranny - History Forum

    Polybius on his part praised the Roman "constitution" highly as most perfect, as to him it "balanced" monarchy, democracy and aristocracy, an opinion which many scholars have since echoed, but I …

  10. Was the idea that homosexualy being common in Ancient Greece …

    Mar 19, 2023 · So there he is clearly talking about pederastic homosexuality in which the active partner is at fault. Another bad translation, along with the other quote form Polybius, Cicero, and Tacitus?